Justia U.S. 1st Circuit Court of Appeals Opinion Summaries

Appellant, a family-owned retail clothing and footwear business with two stores in Massachusetts, had sold Nike footwear for approximately twenty-eight years before Nike notified Appellant that it was terminating the parties’ business relationship. Appellant sued Nike in Massachusetts state court, alleging contractual claims and a claim under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A. Nike removed the suit to federal court and then moved to dismiss under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), alleging that its invoices included a forum selection clause requiring Appellant to file its claims in Oregon, not Massachusetts. The district court agreed and dismissed Appellant’s complaint. The First Circuit affirmed, holding that the forum selection clause was valid and enforceable, and the district court properly dismissed the present action. View "Carter's of New Bedford, Inc. v. Nike, Inc." on Justia Law

Plaintiff entered into a salvage contract with Defendant to obtain help when his boat went aground one night. Plaintiff later attempted to rescind the contract, claiming that he signed the contract under duress and disputing the sum owed to Defendant. The parties submitted the dispute to a panel of arbitrators pursuant to a binding arbitration clause in the salvage contract. Plaintiff then filed this lawsuit seeking a preliminary injunction against the arbitration and a declaration that the salvage contract was unenforceable. The district court denied the motion and stayed the case pending the outcome of the arbitration. The arbitration panel found in favor of Defendant and ordered Plaintiff to pay a salvage award. The district court affirmed the award. Plaintiff appealed, arguing that the district court erred in confirming the arbitration award without first addressing his claim that the arbitration clause was unenforceable. The First Circuit affirmed, holding that, where Plaintiff’s challenge to the validity of the arbitration clause itself came only after Defendant moved to confirm the panel’s award, the district court had no proper basis on which to refuse to confirm the arbitration panel’s award. View "Farnsworth, III v. Towboat Nantucket Sound, Inc." on Justia Law

Plaintiff, an attorney, filed a lawsuit against the Narragansett Indian Tribe alleging breach of contract. Plaintiff alleged that the Tribe contractually waived the sovereign immunity that would otherwise have prevented him from bringing this suit outside the tribal courts. The district court denied the Tribe’s motion to dismiss the case on sovereign immunity grounds. The Tribe did not appeal the denial of the motion to dismiss. Instead, the Tribe filed an untimely Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) motion for reconsideration. The district court denied the Rule 59(e) motion. The Tribe subsequently filed a notice purporting to appeal from both the denial of the motion to dismiss and the denial of the untimely Rule 59(e) motion. A prior duty panel of the First Circuit dismissed as untimely any appeal from the denial of the motion to dismiss. The First Circuit subsequently denied interlocutory review of the order denying its motion to reconsider, holding that it lacked jurisdiction to entertain such an appeal because the denial of the Tribe’s untimely 59(e) motion did not qualify as a collateral order that the Court may review prior to the end of the litigation in the district court. View "Luckerman v. Narragansett Indian Tribe" on Justia Law

Plaintiff was a life insurance agent with the New Life Insurance Company for more than forty years. In 2009, Plaintiff was informed that his agent contract would be terminated. In 2012 and 2014, Plaintiff filed two separate suits against New York Life, alleging, in addition to several common-law claims, age discrimination under both Massachusetts law and the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act. The U.S. District Court of the District of Massachusetts consolidated the two cases. The district court then granted summary judgment for New York Life on all claims. The First Circuit affirmed, holding (1) Plaintiff’s state law age discrimination claims were time barred; (2) no reasonable jury could conclude that New York Life engaged in age discrimination under federal law in terminating his agent contract; and (3) no reasonable jury could conclude that the termination breached Plaintiff’s contract with New York Life or violated any of Plaintiff’s common law rights. View "Santangelo v. New York Life Ins. Co." on Justia Law

Home Orthopedics Corp. was a medical equipment supplier based in Puerto Rico. Raul Rodriguez, the president of another home medical supplier in Puerto Rico, attempted to collect a consulting fee Home Orthopedics agreed to pay him. Home Orthopedics refused to continue paying the fee when it discovered that the contract upon which it was based was fraudulent. Soon companies in the health insurance field started terminating their contracts with Home Orthopedics. Home Orthopedics filed an amended complaint seeking relief against numerous defendants - some of whom worked with Rodriguez and others of whom worked for the companies that terminated their contacts with Home Orthopedics - for violating, among other laws, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). Specifically, Home Orthopedics alleged that Defendants conspired to help Rodriguez strong-arm more money from Home Orthopedics. The district court dismissed Home Orthopedics’ claims. The First Circuit affirmed, holding (1) Home Orthopedics failed to sufficiently allege a “pattern of racketeering activity” necessary to sustain its RICO claim; and (2) the district court did not err in denying Home Orthopedics’ motion to conduct limited discovery and then to amend its complaint for a second time. View "Home Orthopedics Corp. v. Rodriguez" on Justia Law

Advanced Flexible Circuits (AFC) entered into negotiations with GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies GmbH and GE Sensing, Division of Caribe GE International of Puerto Rico, Inc. (collectively, GE) for AFC to manufacture and supply thermal filaments for GE to use in its production of cardiac catheters. After GE terminated negotiations with AFC, AFC filed suit, alleging that GE was liable for pre contractual damages under the Puerto Rico doctrine of culpa in contrahendo. The district court granted summary judgment for GE. The First Circuit affirmed, holding (1) AFC offered no competent evidence permitting a finding of liability on its culpa in contrahendo claim, as GE’s termination of the negotiations was not arbitrary, unjustified, or otherwise wrongful; and (2) the district court did not abuse its discretion in sanctioning AFC for failing to comply with the court’s local rules. View "Advanced Flexible Circuits v. GE Sensing & Inspection Techs. GmbH" on Justia Law

First State Insurance Company and New England Reinsurance Corporation (collectively, First State) entered into several reinsurance and retrocession agreements with a reinsurer, National Casualty Company (National). First State demanded arbitration under eight of these agreements to resolve disputes about billing disputes and the interpretation of certain contract provisions relating to payment of claims. The arbitrators handed down a contract interpretation award that established a payment protocol under the agreements. First State filed a petition pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act to confirm the contract interpretation award, and National filed a cross-petition to vacate the award. A federal district court summarily confirmed both the contract interpretation award and the final arbitration award. After noting that “a federal court’s authority to defenestrate an arbitration award is extremely limited,” the First Circuit affirmed, holding that the arbitrators “even arguably” construed the underlying agreements and, thus, acted within the scope of their contractually delineated powers in confirming the contract interpretation award. View "First State Ins. Co. v. Nat’l Cas. Co." on Justia Law

Plaintiff obtained a $23 million judgment against a Corporation. Plaintiff sought to secure payment on that judgment by filing suit in federal district court against the Corporation’s president and its corporate parent, alleging that Defendants had looted the Corporation of more than $18 million in assets in order to render it judgment-proof. After Plaintiff learned that one of the Corporation’s corporate parents planned to merge with an Austrian subsidiary, the district court issued a temporary restraining order, later converted into a preliminary injunction, barring the merger. Defendants nevertheless effected the merger. The district court issued civil contempt sanctions on Defendants for violating the court’s preliminary injunction order. Plaintiff subsequently moved for default judgment based on Defendants’ assertion that they had no intention of complying with the contempt order. The district court entered judgment for Plaintiff and awarded $75 million to Plaintiff. The First Circuit affirmed, holding (1) the district court properly exercised personal jurisdiction over Defendants; (2) Plaintiff’s complaint adequately stated valid causes of action for, inter alia, tortious interference with contractual relations and veil piercing; (3) the district court did not abuse its discretion in entering default judgment as a sanction for Defendants’ discovery violations; and (4) the district court did not err when it entered a damage award without an evidentiary hearing. View "AngioDynamics, Inc. v. Biolitec AG" on Justia Law

In 2011, Catlin (Syndicate 2003) at Lloyd’s (“Catlin”) issued to San Juan Towing and Marine Services (SJT), a ship repair company based on San Jan, Puerto Rico, a marine insurance policy to cover SJT’s floating drydock. After the drydock was damaged and sold for scrap, the SJT filed a claim with Catlin, alleging the total loss of the drydock in the amount of $1,750,000. Catlin denied this claim. Catlin then filed a declaratory judgment complaint against SJT, alleging eight admiralty or maritime claims and seeking to void the policy. SJT filed a separate diversity suit against Catlin seeking recovery for the full insured value under the policy for the loss of the drydock. At trial, the district court concluded that the insurance policy was void ab initio pursuant to the doctrine of uberrimae fidei. The First Circuit affirmed as modified, holding (1) the contract was voidable, not void ab initio; and (2) SJT violated the doctrine of uberrimae fidei in its procurement of the policy, and thus, Catlin was entitled to void the policy. View "Catlin (Syndicate 2003) at Lloyd’s v. San Juan Towing & Marine Servs., Inc." on Justia Law

This case involved the dispute over settlement agreements between AstraZeneca, which sells a heartburn drug called Nexium, and three generic drug companies that sought to market generic forms of Nexium. The named plaintiffs sued AstraZeneca and the three drug companies, alleging that the settlement agreements constituted unlawful agreements not to compete. Plaintiffs sought class certification for a class of third-party payors and individual consumers. The district court certified a class. Defendants appealed. After briefing, oral argument, and submission of this case, however, Defendants filed a voluntary motion to dismiss the interlocutory appeal. The First Circuit denied the motion to dismiss, holding (1) although some of the underlying issues in this case had been settled and a jury had reached a verdict on some others, the case was not moot; (2) a final draft of the Court’s opinion had already been prepared; and (3) Defendants may have been acting strategically by seeking to dismiss the interlocutory appeal. View "In re Nexium Antitrust Litig." on Justia Law